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Updated: May 10, 2026

Non-invasive Optical Measurement of Cerebral Metabolism and Hemodynamics in Infants
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Noninvasive Neuromonitoring in Children

Victoria Lieftuechter1, Nora Bruns2, Timo Deba3

  • 1Pediatric Intensice Care Unit, LMU Klinikum Kinderklinik und Kinderpoliklinik im Dr von Haunerschen Kinderspital, Munich, BY, Germany.

Neuropediatrics
|August 20, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Neuromonitoring methods like EEG and pupillometry help assess the central nervous system in intensive care. This review covers noninvasive techniques for seizures, increased intracranial pressure, and stroke in pediatric patients.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Pediatric Neurology

Background:

  • Neuromonitoring is crucial in intensive care units (ICUs) to overcome clinical neurological examination limitations in critically ill patients.
  • Sedation and neuromuscular blockade in pediatric patients necessitate advanced monitoring of the central nervous system.
  • Noninvasive neuromonitoring techniques are increasingly adopted across all age groups in pediatric ICUs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of frequently used noninvasive neuromonitoring modalities.
  • To review the evidence supporting the use of these techniques in specific clinical scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on four primary noninvasive neuromonitoring techniques: electroencephalogram (EEG), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), transcranial Doppler (TCD), and automated pupillometry.
  • Literature review of evidence for application in pediatric critical care.

Main Results:

  • EEG is valuable for detecting seizures and assessing brain activity.
  • NIRS and TCD offer insights into cerebral perfusion and hemodynamics.
  • Automated pupillometry provides objective measures of neurological function and predicts outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Noninvasive neuromonitoring modalities are essential tools in pediatric intensive care.
  • These techniques aid in the early detection and management of critical neurological conditions such as seizures, elevated intracranial pressure, and stroke.
  • Further research can refine the application and interpretation of neuromonitoring data in pediatric populations.

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