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Related Concept Videos

Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

2.2K
A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
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Regression Analysis01:11

Regression Analysis

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Regression analysis is a statistical tool that describes a mathematical relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables.
In regression analysis, a regression equation is determined based on the line of best fit– a line that best fits the data points plotted in a graph. This line is also called the regression line. The algebraic equation for the regression line is called the regression equation. It is represented as:
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Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery01:19

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

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Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.  
Step 3: Assess the patient's...
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Calibration Curves: Linear Least Squares01:20

Calibration Curves: Linear Least Squares

2.1K
A calibration curve is a plot of the instrument's response against a series of known concentrations of a substance. This curve is used to set the instrument response levels, using the substance and its concentrations as standards. Alternatively, or additionally, an equation is fitted to the calibration curve plot and subsequently used to calculate the unknown concentrations of other samples reliably.
For data that follow a straight line, the standard method for fitting is the linear...
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Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature01:13

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

1.2K
Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...
1.2K
Temperature Dependence on Reaction Rate02:55

Temperature Dependence on Reaction Rate

83.6K
The Collision Theory
Atoms, molecules, or ions must collide before they can react with each other. Atoms must be close together to form chemical bonds. This premise is the basis for a theory that explains many observations regarding chemical kinetics, including factors affecting reaction rates.
The collision theory is based on the postulates that (i) the reaction rate is proportional to the rate of reactant collisions, (ii) the reacting species collide in an orientation allowing contact between...
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Topographical Estimation of Visual Population Receptive Fields by fMRI
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A PRF-Based Multibaseline fitting model for temperature prediction.

Zhoutong Wang1, Xinju Zhang1, Taijie Zhan1

  • 1Institute of Biothermal Science and Technology, University of shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; Shanghai Co-innovation Center for Energy Therapy of Tumors, Shanghai 200093, China; Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Cryopreservation of Biological Resources, Shanghai 200093, China.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging
|August 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new proton resonance frequency thermometry model to improve MRI-guided cancer treatments. The enhanced model offers more accurate temperature monitoring, especially in freezing conditions for cryoablation therapy.

Keywords:
MRI non-destructive temperature measurementMultibaseline temperature measurement modelProton resonance frequencyTumor energy treatment

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Biophysics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) enables in vivo temperature profiling for precise thermal guidance in treating various diseases.
  • Proton Resonance Frequency (PRF) thermometry, an MRI technique, faces challenges in oncology due to image alignment errors and magnetic field variations, impacting temperature tracking reliability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel multibaseline fitting temperature prediction model for proton resonance frequency thermometry.
  • To address limitations in current PRF thermometry, enhancing its accuracy and reliability for thermal therapies, particularly in oncology.

Main Methods:

  • A novel multibaseline fitting model was developed, processing k-space data for phase reconstruction and denoising.
  • The model corrects for phase distortions using weighted least squares fitting and compensates for signal attenuation with a signal amplification factor.
  • Experiments involved phantoms with varying water content, subjected to heating and freezing (down to -9.2°C) to test the model's performance.

Main Results:

  • The novel model significantly reduced Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) from 14.62°C/2.99°C to 2.19°C and maximum error from 32.29°C/5.74°C to 3.64°C.
  • Achieved a goodness-of-fit of 0.96, outperforming conventional single- and multi-baseline models.
  • Demonstrated the efficacy of PRF thermometry in sub-zero environments for the first time, validating its use in cryoablation.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed multibaseline fitting PRF thermometry model provides a robust solution for precise temperature monitoring in thermal therapies.
  • This advancement addresses critical challenges in low-temperature precision control, significantly impacting the efficacy and safety of tumor cryoablation.
  • The validated model enhances the reliability of MRI-based temperature measurements, crucial for minimally invasive and reproducible cancer treatments.