Temporal Trends and Sex Disparities in Physical Activity Among Mexican Adults from 2006 to 2023, With Projections to...

Women face greater challenges meeting physical activity guidelines than men especially during pregnancy and postpartum. We examined physical activity associated factors and trends among Mexican men and women from 2006 to 2023, disaggregated by demographic characteristics, including women's physiological status (nonpregnant, pregnant, and postpartum). We also assessed whether the 2030 World Health Organization goal of a 15% reduction in physical inactivity is achievable based on 2012-2023 trends.

Adult data (20-65 y; n = 101,047) were compiled from the 2006, 2012, 2018, and 2022/2023 National Health and Nutrition Surveys. Physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form. Sociodemographic characteristics and physiological status were self-reported. Multivariate logistic and generalized linear regression models computed estimates.

From 2006 to 2022/2023, the percentage meeting physical activity guidelines declined among women (86.5% to 79.5%, -0.41% points/y) and men (87.1% to 83.0%, -0.24% points/y). The steepest overall declines (-0.52 to -0.90% points/y) occurred among women who were pregnant, postpartum, aged 50-59 years, indigenous, or living in 4 of the 8 country regions. Pregnant women experienced the largest decline from 2006 to 2012 but showed slight rebounds in 2018 and 2022/2023. Assuming 2012-2022/2023 trends persist, the 2030 global target will not be met, with widening sex gaps expected. Pregnant women, and men and women aged 60 or older, or living in the Peninsula region seemed to be on track to meet the target.

Current trends in Mexico suggest widening sex gaps in physical activity and predict the country is offtrack to meet the 2030 target.