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Related Concept Videos

Taxonomy01:31

Taxonomy

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Taxonomy is the science of defining and naming groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics. It uses a hierarchy of increasingly inclusive categories with Latin names. The smallest units of taxonomy, species and genus, are used to assign a formal, taxonomic name to each species in a system. This classification system, referred to as binomial nomenclature, was formalized by Carolus Linnaeus in the 18th century.
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The hierarchy that Carolus Linnaeus first...
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Most altruistic behavior—in which one animal helps another at a cost to themselves—occurs between relatives. Scientists think these altruistic behaviors evolved because they increase the inclusive fitness of the animal providing help.
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The naming of enantiomers employs the Cahn–Ingold–Prelog rules that involve assigning priorities to different substituent groups at a chiral center. Each enantiomer, being a distinct molecule, is assigned a unique name by the Cahn–Ingold–Prelog (CIP) rules, also called the R–S system. The prefix R- or S- attached to the chiral centers in an enantiomer is dependent on the spatial arrangement of the four substituents on the chiral center. The R–S system...
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Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
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Classification is the process of organizing organisms into hierarchically inclusive groups based on their phenotypic similarities or evolutionary relationships. A species comprises one or more strains, and closely related species are grouped into genera. Genera are further classified into families, families into orders, orders into classes, and so forth, up to the domain level, which is the broadest taxonomic rank derived from a combination of phenotypic and genotypic data.The nomenclature of...
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Updated: May 3, 2026

Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy for the Quantitative Assessment of Acute Ionizing Radiation Induced Skin Toxicity Using a Mouse Model
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Single-Molecule Biodosimetry.

Michael Lamontagne1, Shannon M Newell1, Ileana M Pazos2

  • 1Biophysical and Biomedical Measurement Group, Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-3460, United States.

Analytical Chemistry
|August 20, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Single-molecule biodosimetry using nanopore sensors accurately quantifies DNA double-strand breaks from radiation exposure. This breakthrough offers a new method for radiation dose assessment and personalized radiotherapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Radiation Science

Background:

  • Assessing radiation exposure via biological molecules is difficult.
  • Existing methods lack a clear dose-response relationship.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a single-molecule biodosimetry method using nanopore sensors.
  • To establish a clear link between radiation dose and molecular response.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized resistive-pulse nanopore sensors for single-molecule analysis.
  • Quantified double-strand DNA scissions in response to gamma radiation.
  • Modeled the response curve based on radical damage and loss dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated single-molecule biodosimetry capability.
  • Observed an elongated Gaussian response curve correlating DNA scissions with radiation dose.
  • Identified the role of radical damage competition in shaping the response.

Conclusions:

  • Nanopore sensors provide a foundation for advanced biodosimetry.
  • Enables rapid triage dosimetry in emergencies.
  • Facilitates ex vivo monitoring for tailored radiotherapy.