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Updated: May 6, 2026

Construction and Testing of Coin Cells of Lithium Ion Batteries
Published on: August 2, 2012
Regulating Intrinsic Structure in Anthracite-Based Hard Carbon for High Initial Coulombic Efficiency Sodium-Ion
1College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering (College of Lithium Resources and Lithium Battery Industry), Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China.
An innovative acetylene strategy enhances hard carbon anodes for sodium-ion batteries, boosting initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) and capacity. This method improves performance for better energy storage solutions.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Electrochemistry
- Energy Storage
Background:
- Hard carbon (HC) is a key anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to cost and capacity.
- Low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) remains a significant challenge for HC anodes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop an acetylene-mediated strategy for tailoring hard carbon structure and heteroatom content.
- To improve the electrochemical performance and ICE of anthracite-derived hard carbon.
Main Methods:
- Utilizing acetylene during pyrolysis to mediate reactions with heteroatoms (O, N, S) in anthracite.
- Converting open pores to closed pores via carbon radical deposition during pyrolysis.
- Characterizing the structural and electrochemical properties of the modified hard carbon.
Main Results:
- The optimized HC achieved a high specific capacity of 220 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.3C with an 88% ICE.
- Exceptional cycling stability was observed, retaining 210 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.3C after 500 cycles.
- The radical-mediated approach effectively reduced irreversible Na⁺ consumption and enhanced capacity.
Conclusions:
- The acetylene-mediated strategy offers a universal route for designing high-performance hard carbon anodes.
- This method successfully overcomes the typical ICE limitations of hard carbon materials.
- The tailored hard carbon demonstrates significant potential for advanced sodium-ion battery applications.
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