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Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection: A Case Series.

Rekha Gupta1, Lipi Uppal2, Malvika Gupta3

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Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is a rare heart defect where pulmonary veins connect abnormally. This study details three subtypes: mixed "3 + 1", cardiac, and obstructive infracardiac types.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Congenital Heart Disease

Background:

  • Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is a rare cyanotic congenital heart disease.
  • It involves abnormal drainage of pulmonary veins (PVs) into a systemic vein or the right atrium (RA).
  • TAPVC is classified into four anatomical types: supracardiac, cardiac, infracardiac, and mixed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To illustrate specific subtypes of TAPVC.
  • To describe the anatomical patterns of PV drainage in the presented cases.
  • To highlight variations within mixed and infracardiac TAPVC.

Main Methods:

  • Case series review.
  • Analysis of anatomical patterns of pulmonary venous drainage.
  • Classification of TAPVC subtypes based on established criteria.

Main Results:

  • The study illustrates three TAPVC subtypes: "3 + 1" mixed type, cardiac type, and obstructive infracardiac type.
  • In the obstructive infracardiac type, PVs drained into the portal vein.
  • The "3 + 1" mixed type involves drainage from three PVs to the left atrium and one to the right side.

Conclusions:

  • TAPVC presents with diverse anatomical variations.
  • Understanding these subtypes is crucial for diagnosis and management.
  • This series highlights the spectrum of PV drainage abnormalities in TAPVC.