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Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection: A Case Series
Rekha Gupta1, Lipi Uppal2, Malvika Gupta3
1Associate Professor, Department of Radiodiagnosis, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India, Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4982-3983.
The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India
|August 21, 2025
Summary
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is a rare heart defect where pulmonary veins connect abnormally. This study details three subtypes: mixed "3 + 1", cardiac, and obstructive infracardiac types.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Pediatric Cardiology
- Congenital Heart Disease
Background:
- Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is a rare cyanotic congenital heart disease.
- It involves abnormal drainage of pulmonary veins (PVs) into a systemic vein or the right atrium (RA).
- TAPVC is classified into four anatomical types: supracardiac, cardiac, infracardiac, and mixed.
Purpose of the Study:
- To illustrate specific subtypes of TAPVC.
- To describe the anatomical patterns of PV drainage in the presented cases.
- To highlight variations within mixed and infracardiac TAPVC.
Main Methods:
- Case series review.
- Analysis of anatomical patterns of pulmonary venous drainage.
- Classification of TAPVC subtypes based on established criteria.
Main Results:
- The study illustrates three TAPVC subtypes: "3 + 1" mixed type, cardiac type, and obstructive infracardiac type.
- In the obstructive infracardiac type, PVs drained into the portal vein.
- The "3 + 1" mixed type involves drainage from three PVs to the left atrium and one to the right side.
Conclusions:
- TAPVC presents with diverse anatomical variations.
- Understanding these subtypes is crucial for diagnosis and management.
- This series highlights the spectrum of PV drainage abnormalities in TAPVC.
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