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Harnessing Noncovalent π‑Type Interactions in Thiourea-Chloride Supramolecular Complexes: Toward the Asymmetric
Marta Velázquez1, Pilar Elías-Rodríguez1, Tomás Tejero2
1Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), C/Prof. García González, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
Abstract:
Enantioselective dearomatization of diazaheterocycles through anion-binding catalysis has been developed. The process involves the nucleophilic addition of phosphorus nucleophiles to in situ generated N-benzoyliminium chlorides, using a tert-leucine-derived thiourea as an H-bond donor catalyst, thereby providing access to appealing cyclic hydrazino phosphonates and their derivatives. Mechanistic investigations suggest that the low solubility of these salts might favor the formation of a supramolecular thiourea-chloride-iminium 2:1:1 complex, which is proposed as the catalytically relevant species accounting for the observed nonlinear effect. Experimental and computational data support a 4H-activation model via this highly ordered ion pair, in which two thiourea molecules are arranged in an antiparallel orientation around the chloride, generating a C 2-symmetric groove. Hence, stereodefined insertion of the N-benzoyliminium is ensured by key noncovalent π-type interactions, thereby maximizing the enantioinduction event.
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