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Gene Regulation and Targeted Therapy in Gastric Cancer Peritoneal Metastasis: Radiological Findings from Dual Energy CT and PET/CT
Published on: January 22, 2018
Progress of immune checkpoint inhibitors in gastric cancer
Ji-Yun Wan1,2, Duo Zhang1, Xiang-Hua Wu2
1Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Tai'an City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Tai'an 271000, Shandong Province, China.
Abstract:
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors globally. The screening rate of GC is low, and the early symptoms are not obvious, which affects early diagnosis, and most patients have a poor prognosis. Various treatments are available for GC, mainly surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Immunotherapy has made significant progress in recent years, especially for unresectable and metastatic GC. Immune checkpoints are proteins which can regulate the congenital and adaptive immunity, and are mainly expressed on immune cells. Immune checkpoints are crucial molecules that regulate the immune system, maintaining immune balance through positive or negative modulation. Tumors exploit negative immune checkpoint molecules to suppress immune responses, thereby evading immune surveillance. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can undo this inhibition, reactivating immune cells to destroy tumor cells. The prospects for the treatment of GC with ICIs are promising, but it also faces many difficulties and challenges. This minireview summarizes the progress of immune ICIs in GC, discusses current individualized strategies, and explores future development directions.
Insights
Gastric cancer (GC) treatment is advancing with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). These therapies show promise for advanced GC by reactivating immune cells, though challenges remain.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Cancer Research
Background:
- Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading global malignancy with low screening rates and poor prognosis.
- Current GC treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy.
- Immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has emerged as a significant advancement for advanced GC.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the progress of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in gastric cancer (GC) treatment.
- To discuss current individualized treatment strategies using ICIs for GC.
- To explore future directions and challenges in GC immunotherapy.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent advancements in GC immunotherapy.
- Analysis of immune checkpoint pathways and their role in GC.
- Discussion of clinical trial outcomes and therapeutic strategies involving ICIs.
Main Results:
- ICIs demonstrate significant potential for unresectable and metastatic GC.
- Tumors utilize immune checkpoints to evade immune surveillance, which ICIs can reverse.
- Individualized treatment strategies are being developed to optimize ICI efficacy in GC.
Conclusions:
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors offer promising therapeutic prospects for gastric cancer.
- Overcoming challenges and refining individualized strategies are crucial for future GC immunotherapy.
- Further research is needed to fully realize the potential of ICIs in managing GC.
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