Generative artificial intelligence, large language models and ChatGPT in musculoskeletal Oncology: Current...

Area of Science:

• Musculoskeletal Oncology
• Artificial Intelligence
• Medical Informatics

Background:

• Generative artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models (LLMs), is a transformative technology impacting medical specialties.
• LLMs can process natural language, synthesize information, and generate human-like outputs.
• Musculoskeletal (MSK) oncology is an area where AI applications are rapidly emerging.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current applications of LLMs in MSK oncology.
• To identify the limitations and future potential of LLMs in this field.
• To examine the role of LLMs in advancing precision medicine and equitable healthcare.

Main Methods:

• This narrative review synthesizes existing literature on LLM applications in MSK oncology.
• It examines the capabilities of LLMs in clinical workflows, patient education, and research.
• The review also considers challenges and ethical implications of AI integration.

Main Results:

• LLMs show promise in facilitating literature reviews, enhancing patient education, and supporting clinical decision-making.
• They can improve efficiency and accuracy in radiological and pathological workflows by interpreting reports and drafting summaries.
• Future applications include real-time patient follow-up, counseling, information transfer, and surgical assistance.

Conclusions:

• LLMs have the potential to significantly enhance MSK oncology practice, from diagnostics to patient care.
• Challenges include the risk of inaccuracies, biases, and the need for continuous human supervision.
• Responsible and cautious integration of LLMs is crucial for realizing their benefits in precision medicine and healthcare equity.