Generative artificial intelligence, large language models and ChatGPT in musculoskeletal Oncology: Current...

Generative artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models (LLMs), has emerged as a transformative technology across all medical specialties, including musculoskeletal (MSK) oncology. These models, such as ChatGPT and others, can process natural language, synthesize vast amounts of information, and generate contextually relevant outputs that resemble human communication. In orthopedic oncology, LLMs show promise in facilitating literature reviews, enhancing patient education, and supporting clinical decision-making by analyzing multidimensional data while providing improved logic-based reasoning. Additionally, they can assist in radiological and pathological workflows by interpreting imaging reports and drafting diagnostic summaries, thereby increasing efficiency and accuracy. In the near future, they are expected to aid in real-time patient follow-up and counseling, information transfer, efficient diagnostics, and even continuous surgical education and assistance. Despite their potential, challenges such as the risk of inaccuracies and biases, as well as the necessity for continuous supervision, warrant a cautious and responsible integration into clinical practice. This narrative review examines the current applications of LLMs in MSK oncology, their limitations, and their future potential in shaping precision medicine and equitable healthcare delivery.