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Food Insecurity and Appetitive Traits: A Prospective Analysis in Generation XXI Cohort.

Alexandra Costa1, Marion M Hetherington2, Andreia Oliveira1,3

  • 1EPIUnit ITR, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.

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Summary

Childhood food insecurity is linked to heightened appetitive traits, including increased responsiveness to food and emotional eating, by age 13. These findings underscore the lasting health impacts of early food insecurity on children's eating behaviors and obesity risk.

Keywords:
adolescenceappetitecohort studieseating behaviorfood insecurity

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nutrition
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Food insecurity in childhood is a significant public health concern.
  • Appetitive traits, such as responsiveness to food and emotional eating, are crucial in understanding eating behaviors.
  • Early life experiences can have long-lasting effects on health and development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between food insecurity at age 10 and appetitive traits at age 13.
  • To determine if childhood food insecurity influences children's eating behaviors later in development.

Main Methods:

  • A subsample of the Generation XXI birth cohort was analyzed (n=2495).
  • Food security was assessed using the US Household Food Security Survey Module and child-reported perceptions.
  • Appetitive traits were measured at age 13 using the Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire.
  • Linear regression models adjusted for socio-demographic variables were employed.

Main Results:

  • Children experiencing food insecurity at age 10 exhibited greater food responsiveness, enjoyment of food, desire to drink, and emotional overeating at age 13.
  • Similar associations were observed using child-reported perceived food security, except for emotional undereating.
  • These findings suggest a link between early food insecurity and amplified food approach appetites and emotional eating.

Conclusions:

  • Childhood food insecurity is associated with increased food approach appetitive traits and emotional eating by adolescence.
  • These altered eating behaviors may contribute to an increased risk of obesity.
  • Early life food insecurity has potential long-term health consequences, highlighting the need for timely interventions.