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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
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Risk Factors Associated With Bell's Palsy: A Real-World Analysis of 281,600 Patients.

Norbert Neckel1, Susanne Nahles1, Max Heiland1

  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

European Journal of Neurology
|August 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Herpes simplex virus is a significant risk factor for Bell's palsy, with diabetes and depression also associated. Pregnancy showed an inverse correlation, suggesting a multifactorial cause for this common paralysis.

Keywords:
Bell's palsydepressionherpespregnancyrisk factors

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Bell's palsy is the most common cause of peripheral facial paralysis.
  • Its etiology is largely unknown, but potential risk factors include herpes simplex virus, diabetes, depression, and pregnancy.
  • Identifying these risk factors is crucial for improving diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the associations between Bell's palsy and key potential risk factors.
  • To analyze the strength of these associations using a large patient database.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of the TriNetX database (over 25 million patients).
  • Two matched cohorts of approximately 140,800 patients each were analyzed.
  • Odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to determine statistical significance (p < 0.05).

Main Results:

  • Herpes simplex virus (HSV) had the strongest association with Bell's palsy (OR: 6.49).
  • Diabetes (OR: 2.4) and depression (OR: 2.05) were also significantly associated.
  • Pregnancy showed an inverse correlation (OR: 0.76).

Conclusions:

  • HSV reactivation is a major risk factor, suggesting potential benefits of antiviral therapy.
  • Associations with diabetes and depression indicate a need for metabolic and mental health assessments.
  • The inverse correlation with pregnancy requires further investigation, highlighting the multifactorial nature of Bell's palsy.