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Voxel-Wise or Region-Wise Nuisance Regression for Functional Connectivity Analyses: Does It Matter?

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Denoising resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) at the region-level is as effective as voxel-level denoising, especially with Mean aggregation. This efficient approach maintains individual specificity and prediction accuracy for brain-behavior studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Functional Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) analysis requires removing nuisance signals from BOLD time series.
  • Voxel-level denoising is standard but computationally intensive.
  • Region-level denoising offers potential computational efficiency but its impact on rs-FC analysis is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically compare the effects of denoising at voxel-level versus region-level on rs-FC.
  • To investigate the influence of aggregation methods (Mean, EV) and parcellation granularity on denoising outcomes.
  • To evaluate the impact of denoising resolution on individual specificity and prediction of age and cognitive scores.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 370 unrelated subjects from the HCP-YA dataset.
  • Comparison of voxel-level and region-level denoising strategies.
  • Evaluation using Mean and first eigenvariate (EV) aggregation methods across 100, 400, and 1000 regions.
  • Assessment of individual specificity (fingerprinting) and prediction of age and cognitive scores.

Main Results:

  • Region-level denoising performed equally or better than voxel-level denoising across various metrics.
  • Mean aggregation resulted in comparable individual specificity and prediction performance for both denoising resolutions.
  • EV aggregation showed reduced individual specificity for voxel-level denoising compared to region-level denoising.
  • Increased parcellation granularity generally enhanced individual specificity.

Conclusions:

  • Region-level denoising is a viable and computationally efficient alternative to voxel-level denoising for rs-FC analysis.
  • The choice of aggregation method significantly influences the comparison between voxel-level and region-level denoising.
  • Region-level denoising with Mean aggregation is recommended for brain-behavior studies due to its efficiency and comparable performance.