Harnessing Biomaterials for Gene Therapy in Autoimmune Disease

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Immunology
• Genetics

Background:

• Autoimmune diseases involve immune dysregulation and inflammation.
• Current therapies cause systemic toxicity and broad immunosuppression.
• Precision medicine is needed for targeted autoimmune disease treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

• Review biomaterial-assisted gene therapy for autoimmune diseases.
• Highlight advancements in delivery systems and targeting strategies.
• Discuss clinical translation potential for improved treatments.

Main Methods:

• Focus on biomaterials like nanoparticles and extracellular vesicles.
• Discuss gene therapy tools: siRNA, mRNA, CRISPR-Cas9.
• Analyze responsive mechanisms (pH, ROS, enzyme) and ligand targeting (folate, CD44).

Main Results:

• Biomaterials overcome challenges like low targeting efficiency and degradation.
• Responsive systems enable controlled release, reducing toxicity.
• Targeted delivery enhances specificity, e.g., TNF-α siRNA for rheumatoid arthritis.

Conclusions:

• Biomaterials are crucial for advancing gene therapy in autoimmune diseases.
• Engineered systems offer precision, durability, and reduced systemic effects.
• This approach paves the way for next-generation autoimmune treatments.