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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Metabolite Biomarkers Linking a High-Fiber Rye Intervention with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: The RyeWeight Study.

Andrea Unión Caballero1,2, Tomás Meroño1,2, Sebastian Åberg3

  • 1Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació i Gastronomia, Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
|August 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-fiber rye intake alters gut microbiota and increases specific plasma metabolites. These changes, particularly gallic acid-4-sulfate and phenylacetamides, correlate with improved cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with obesity.

Keywords:
biomarkercardiometabolic healthgut microbiotametabolomicsrandomized controlled trialrefined wheatwholegrain rye

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Metabolomics
  • Microbiome Research

Background:

  • Whole grain rye is rich in fiber and bioactive compounds, potentially reducing cardiometabolic disease risk.
  • Biomarkers are needed to understand rye's health effects and confirm intake.
  • Obesity is a significant risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Identify plasma metabolite biomarkers linked to high-fiber rye consumption.
  • Assess associations between these metabolites, gut microbiota, and cardiometabolic risk factors.
  • Evaluate rye's impact within a hypocaloric diet intervention.

Main Methods:

  • 12-week randomized controlled trial comparing high-fiber rye vs. refined wheat in adults with obesity.
  • Analysis of plasma metabolites and gut microbiota composition.
  • Correlation of metabolite changes with cardiometabolic risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Rye intervention increased plasma benzoxazinoids, phenylacetamides, gut microbial metabolites (e.g., indolepropionic acid, enterolactone), betainized compounds, and phenolic acids.
  • Significant shifts in gut microbiota, including increases in Eubacterium xylanophilum and Agathobacter.
  • Gallic acid-4-sulfate and phenylacetamides associated with reduced weight, fat mass, BMI, and insulin levels.

Conclusions:

  • Specific plasma metabolites and gut microbiota changes may serve as biomarkers for whole grain rye's cardiometabolic benefits.
  • Metabolite and microbiota alterations are key indicators of rye's intervention effects, surpassing clinical variable changes.
  • These findings support rye's role in managing cardiometabolic health, particularly in individuals with obesity.