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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Measuring Mitochondrial Function of Naïve and Effector CD8 T Cells
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Transient Nutrient Sensing Shapes T-cell Exhaustion.

Julian J Lum1,2

  • 1Basic and Translational Research Department, BC Cancer, Victoria, Canada.

Cancer Research
|August 21, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Methionine availability within 30 minutes of T cell activation shapes T cell function and anti-tumor efficacy. This nutrient-sensing mechanism involves arginine methylation of KCa3.1, offering potential for timed immunotherapies.

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Real-time Monitoring of Mitochondrial Respiration in Cytokine-differentiated Human Primary T Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular Metabolism
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • CD8+ T cell fate is influenced by antigen, cytokines, and metabolic factors.
  • Nutrient availability critically impacts immune cell function and responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of methionine availability in early T cell activation.
  • To elucidate the mechanism by which methionine influences T cell function and anti-tumor efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Studied T cell receptor (TCR) engagement and nutrient sensing.
  • Investigated methionine availability during the initial 30 minutes of T cell activation.
  • Analyzed post-translational modifications, specifically arginine methylation of KCa3.1.

Main Results:

  • Extracellular methionine availability within 30 minutes of TCR engagement dictates long-term T cell function.
  • Methionine influences intracellular signaling and transcriptional fate via arginine methylation of KCa3.1.
  • Early methionine availability impacts T cell exhaustion and anti-tumor efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • A critical, time-sensitive metabolic window exists for methionine sensing in T cells.
  • Methionine availability shapes T cell fate through KCa3.1 post-translational modification.
  • Targeting methionine metabolism presents a novel strategy for enhancing T cell-mediated immunotherapies.