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GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Cancer Risk in Adults With Obesity.

Hao Dai¹, Yongqiu Li², Yao An Lee³

¹Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis.

|August 21, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) were associated with a lower overall cancer risk in adults with obesity. While GLP-1RAs reduced risks for endometrial, ovarian, and meningioma cancers, a potential increased risk for kidney cancer warrants further investigation.

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Published on: July 21, 2018

Area of Science:

Endocrinology and Oncology
Pharmacological Research
Public Health and Epidemiology

Background:

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are increasingly prescribed for type 2 diabetes and weight management.
The long-term effects of GLP-1RAs on cancer incidence remain an important area of clinical inquiry.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between GLP-1RA use and the incidence of 14 specific cancer types in adults with obesity.
To compare cancer risk between GLP-1RA users and nonusers in a real-world setting.

Main Methods:

Retrospective cohort study using electronic health records from 2014-2024.
Emulation of a target trial design, including 1:1 propensity score matching of GLP-1RA users and nonusers.
Inclusion of adults aged 18+ eligible for anti-obesity medications without a prior cancer history.

Main Results:

A total of 86,632 participants (43,317 GLP-1RA users, 43,315 nonusers) were analyzed.
GLP-1RA users exhibited a significantly lower overall incidence rate of 14 cancers compared to nonusers (HR: 0.83; P=.002).
Specific reductions in risk were observed for endometrial, ovarian, and meningioma cancers, while a potential increase in kidney cancer risk was noted (HR: 1.38; P=.04).

Conclusions:

GLP-1RA use in adults with obesity is associated with a reduced overall cancer risk.
The findings suggest potential benefits for specific obesity-associated cancers but highlight a need for vigilance regarding kidney cancer.
Further long-term research is necessary to elucidate mechanisms and clinical implications.