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Eustachian tube dysfunction in professional navy divers workers.

Annamaria Quarato1, Simone Di Cianni2, Fabio Germano3

  • 1Rome Garrison Infirmary of Italian Navy, Caserma Lante della Rovere, Rome, Italy.

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Summary

Navy divers exhibit a lower incidence of Eustachian tube (ET) dysfunction. This study found no significant difference in ET dysfunction between professional divers and non-divers, with risk unrelated to diving activity.

Keywords:
Eustachian tubeEustachian tube dysfunctionbarotraumatic otitismiddle ear pressure

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Diving Medicine
  • Auditory Physiology

Background:

  • The Eustachian tube (ET) is crucial for middle ear pressure regulation, particularly for individuals in professions like diving.
  • Understanding ET function is vital for assessing risks associated with pressure changes in the ear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate Eustachian tube (ET) dysfunction in professional divers compared to non-divers.
  • To determine if diving immersion factors impact ET function.
  • To assess the prevalence of ET dysfunction in experienced divers.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 34 professional Navy divers and 35 non-divers.
  • Clinical examinations, tympanometry, and the Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire-7 (ETDQ-7) were utilized.
  • Assessment included tympanometric evaluation post-Valsalva maneuver.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in tympanometry or ETDQ-7 scores were observed between divers and non-divers.
  • A significant difference in tympanometric results was noted after the Valsalva maneuver (p<0.01).
  • Professional divers demonstrated a low risk of ET dysfunction, comparable to controls, irrespective of diving duration or frequency.

Conclusions:

  • Navy divers present a lower incidence of Eustachian tube dysfunction.
  • The study suggests that professional diving does not significantly increase the risk of ET dysfunction.
  • ET function in divers is comparable to that of the general population.