Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 10, 2025
Validation of a Psychosocial Intervention on Body Image in Older People: An Experimental Design
Published on: May 31, 2021
The BODY-Q Belly Button Scale: A Development and Validation Study
Background:
One of the critical steps in abdominoplasty or in reconstructive procedures involving abdominal tissue involves repositioning the belly button. However, there is limited knowledge about patient satisfaction regarding the appearance of the belly button after such procedures. Currently, there is no standardized patient-reported outcome measure designed to assess this outcome.
Objectives:
This study aimed to develop and validate a BODY-Q scale that measures patient satisfaction with the appearance of the belly button.
Methods:
In Phase 1 (qualitative), patient interview data were used to develop and refine the new BODY-Q scale. In Phase 2 (quantitative), the scale was field-tested through a crowdsourcing platform. Rasch measurement theory analysis was used for item reduction and to examine reliability and validity. Predefined hypotheses were tested by applying a 75% acceptance threshold, which was considered indicative of sufficient evidence for construct validity.
Results:
The BODY-Q Belly Button scale was refined through qualitative input from 5 patients. Psychometric validation was performed in a sample of 372 participants. Out of the 15 items assessed, 6 were retained in the final scale. This scale showed ordered thresholds, and the data fit the Rasch model (χ2 = 22.72, df = 24, P-value = .54). The scale evidenced reliability, with Person Separation Index and Cronbach α values ≥.81. For construct validity, acceptance of hypotheses was 89%.
Conclusions:
The BODY-Q Belly Button scale can be used in clinical practice and in research to assess satisfaction with the belly button from the patient's perspective.
Level Of Evidence: 4 (Risk):
For image description, please refer to the figure legend and surrounding text.
Related Concept Videos
01:27Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal
Follow these steps for rectal temperature assessment:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don clean gloves to prevent cross-infection.
Step 2: Position the patient in a side-lying position to better visualize the rectal...
01:14Assessing Body Temperature - Oral
Step 1:
Start by practicing proper hand hygiene to prevent the spread of microorganisms.
Step 2:
Take the thermometer out of the charging unit, switch it on, and wait for the ready sign.
Step 3:
Gently slide the probe cover until a click is heard. This simple action prevents cross-contamination and ensures the correct placement of the probe cover.
Step 4:
Instruct the patient to open their mouth and place...
01:23Assessment of the Abdomen III: Palpation
01:14Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and put on clean gloves to maintain infection control and prevent cross-contamination.
Step 2: Prepare the patient by explaining the procedure to ensure understanding and cooperation. Ensure privacy, expose the axilla, and inform the patient that minimal movement is crucial for an accurate reading.
Step 3: Adjust the patient’s clothing to expose only the axilla. It minimizes...