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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

468
Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
468
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

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Needle-Free Transdermal Patch for Influenza Vaccination.

Keisuke Tanaka1, Hazuki Masaki1, Kosuke Minamihata1

  • 1Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.

ACS Applied Bio Materials
|August 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel transdermal influenza vaccine patch using a solid-in-oil dispersion. The patch effectively delivers hemagglutinin antigen and adjuvant, showing comparable immune response to injections with minimal skin irritation.

Keywords:
drug delivery systemimmune responseinfluenza vaccineskin permeationtransdermal delivery

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Immunology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Conventional needle-based vaccines carry risks like needle-phobia and potential infections.
  • The stratum corneum presents a significant barrier to effective transdermal drug and antigen delivery.
  • Developing needle-free vaccination methods is crucial for improving patient compliance and vaccine accessibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a novel transdermal influenza vaccine patch.
  • To assess the efficacy of a solid-in-oil (S/O) dispersion-based patch for transdermal antigen delivery.
  • To compare the immunogenicity and safety of the transdermal vaccine with conventional subcutaneous injection.

Main Methods:

  • Formulation of a transdermal patch incorporating a solid-in-oil (S/O) dispersion of hemagglutinin antigen and CpG oligonucleotide adjuvant into an adhesive matrix.
  • In vitro and in vivo skin permeation studies to quantify antigen delivery.
  • Immunization studies in mice to evaluate antibody responses (IgG titers).
  • Histological analysis to assess skin irritation.

Main Results:

  • The S/O patch demonstrated a 2.5-fold increase in antigen delivery compared to the S/O dispersion alone.
  • Transdermal vaccination with the S/O patch induced robust IgG antibody titers in mice, comparable to subcutaneous vaccination.
  • Histological examination revealed minimal and transient skin irritation, resolving within 72 hours.

Conclusions:

  • The S/O patch formulation facilitates efficient transdermal delivery of influenza vaccine antigens and adjuvants.
  • This needle-free transdermal vaccine platform elicits a strong immune response, offering a viable alternative to traditional injections.
  • The S/O patch presents a promising, non-invasive approach for influenza immunization with good safety profile.