COVID-19 misinformation and healthcare workers: A scoping review

The Covid-19 pandemic was accompanied by an infodemic characterised by widespread misinformation and disinformation, particularly concerning the virus's origin, treatments, and vaccines. Healthcare workers (HCWs) were uniquely positioned at the intersection of clinical care and public communication. This scoping review aims to map and synthesise the existing literature on HCWs' experiences and engagement with Covid-19-related misinformation, identifying recurring themes across qualitative and quantitative studies.

A scoping review was conducted following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Four scientific databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Wiley Online Library) were searched for studies published between 1 January 2020 and 31 August 2024, yielding 55 eligible publications that included surveys and interviews with HCWs, employing both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The analysis focused on identifying common themes related to HCWs' experiences with misinformation.

Five key themes emerged: (1) belief in misinformation, shaped by trust and uncertainty; (2) frustration with inconsistent and overwhelming official communication; (3) strained patient-provider relationships due to eroded trust; (4) social media as both a source of misinformation and professional support; and (5) mental health impacts, including anxiety and exhaustion.

The review highlights the significant burden that Covid-19 misinformation placed on HCWs, contributing to professional dissatisfaction, strained patient relationships, and emotional distress. Despite their lower susceptibility to misinformation, HCWs expressed a need for reliable information channels and training to manage misinformation in clinical interactions.

To enhance pandemic preparedness, targeted infodemic management training for HCWs is crucial, focusing on misinformation detection, effective communication strategies, and patient education. Strengthening public health communication efforts can help alleviate the burden on HCWs by reducing the spread of misinformation, thereby supporting their well-being and professional efficacy during future public health crises.