IVC filter migration causing discitis, psoas abscess and hydronephrosis: improving IVC filter retrieval rates.

Area of Science:

• Interventional Radiology
• Spinal Surgery
• Infectious Disease

Background:

• Inferior vena cava (IVC) filters are used to prevent pulmonary embolism in patients with deep vein thrombosis.
• Complications associated with IVC filters, though rare, can be severe and include device migration, fracture, and organ perforation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the potential complications of IVC filters, specifically focusing on a case of spinal infection and organ damage.
• To emphasize the importance of timely IVC filter removal.

Main Methods:

• Case report of a female patient in her mid-30s with a history of hypercoagulable state and recurrent deep vein thrombosis.
• Review of investigations including imaging and disc aspirate culture.
• Description of surgical intervention for IVC filter complication management.

Main Results:

• An IVC filter tine extruded into the L3-L4 disc space, leading to discitis-osteomyelitis, intraosseous abscess, and psoas abscess.
• Another tine caused mild hydronephrosis due to ureteral abutment.
• Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was identified as the causative agent.

Conclusions:

• IVC filters carry significant risks, including fracture and organ perforation.
• Timely removal of IVC filters is critical to prevent severe complications such as spinal infection and abscess formation.
• This case underscores the need for vigilant monitoring and appropriate management of patients with IVC filters.