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Advances in imaging techniques for Sjogren's disease.

Baptiste Quéré1, Sandrine Jousse-Joulin1

  • 1Rheumatology Department, CHU Hospital La Cavale-Blanche, Centre National de Référence des Maladies Auto-Immunes Rares (CERAINO), Brest, France; LBAI, UMR1227, Univ Brest, Inserm, Brest, France.

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Summary

Salivary Glands Ultrasonography (SGUS) is a key imaging tool for Sjogren's disease (SD), assessing structural damage and vascularization. Advanced ultrasound techniques and multimodal imaging improve diagnostic accuracy for SD and its complications.

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology and Imaging
  • Rheumatology
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Salivary Glands Ultrasonography (SGUS) is a primary imaging method for suspected Sjogren's disease (SD).
  • It is non-invasive, radiation-free, and cost-effective, with established classifications for structural damage (OMERACT scale).
  • SGUS abnormalities are prevalent in SD patients, indicating its utility in disease assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of SGUS in diagnosing Sjogren's disease (SD).
  • To discuss new and emerging ultrasound techniques for enhanced SD evaluation.
  • To explore the utility of other imaging modalities like MRI and PET-CT in SD management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Salivary Glands Ultrasonography (SGUS) for Sjogren's disease (SD).
  • Discussion of B-mode and Doppler-based classifications for SGUS in SD.
  • Overview of advanced ultrasound techniques (elastography, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, high-frequency probes) and other imaging modalities (MRI, PET-CT).

Main Results:

  • SGUS abnormalities (≥ grade 2) are found in approximately 63% of Sjogren's disease (SD) patients.
  • Doppler-based classification can serve as a marker for disease activity and treatment response.
  • SGUS aids in detecting complications like lymphoma; advanced techniques and multimodal imaging enhance diagnostic capabilities.

Conclusions:

  • Salivary Glands Ultrasonography (SGUS) is a valuable first-line imaging modality for Sjogren's disease (SD).
  • Emerging ultrasound technologies and multimodal imaging approaches promise improved sensitivity and specificity in SD diagnosis and management.
  • Integration of various imaging techniques offers a comprehensive approach to evaluating Sjogren's disease and its complications.