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Synthesis of Core-shell Lanthanide-doped Upconversion Nanocrystals for Cellular Applications

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Lanthanide cerium(III) complex with deep-red emission beyond 700 nm.

Jiayin Zheng¹, Haodi Niu¹, Ruoyao Guo¹

¹Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.

Nature Communications

|August 21, 2025

Summary

Researchers developed new red-emitting cerium(III) complexes using sulfur ligands. These novel materials offer insights into long-wavelength emitters and coordination chemistry for advanced applications.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Inorganic Chemistry
Photochemistry

Background:

Luminescent cerium(III) compounds are crucial for phosphors, photocatalysis, and electroluminescence.
Existing cerium(III) emitters primarily cover ultraviolet to yellow regions due to the 5d energy level.
Orange to deep-red emissions from cerium(III) compounds remain underdeveloped.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop novel molecular cerium(III) complexes with red to deep-red emission.
To explore the use of S-coordinating dithiobiuret ligands for long-wavelength cerium(III) emitters.
To investigate the influence of steric hindrance on complex structure and emission properties.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of molecular cerium(III) complexes utilizing S-coordinating dithiobiuret ligands.
Characterization of photoluminescence properties, including emission maxima and quantum efficiency.
Investigation of structural changes (mononuclear vs. dinuclear) influenced by steric hindrance in solution.

Main Results:

Achieved red to deep-red emission, with the longest emission maximum at 725 nm.
Obtained a photoluminescence quantum efficiency of 31% for the developed complexes.
Demonstrated that tuning steric hindrance leads to distinct mononuclear and dinuclear cerium(III) complexes with varied emission colors and interconversion behaviors.

Conclusions:

S-coordinating ligands show significant potential for creating deep-red cerium(III) emitters.
The study reveals interesting coordination chemistry of molecular cerium(III) complexes.
This work expands the scope of cerium(III) emitters into the challenging long-wavelength region.