Immunologic classification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with micro-immunofluorescence

A reproducible immunologic classification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains has been achieved by the micro-immunofluorescence (Micro-IF)3 method by using formalinized whole organisms as test antigens and mouse antisera prepared by i.v. immunization with the whole organisms as antibody. Immunologic differences among Neisseria species were also distinct in this test system. Immunologic differences among gonococcal strains were not influenced by gonococcal colony type. Classification of gonococci was facilitated by use of antisera absorbed with an antigenically unique gonococcus strain. Of 180 gonococcal strains, 175 could be classified into three immunotypes: A, B, and C. Each type was further divided into subtypes designated A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3, C1, and C2. Minor antigenic differences still exist within each subtype. The two gonococcal isolates from each of 17 pairs of sexual contacts fell into the same subtype. Seventy-one of 73 isolates which required arginine, hypoxanthine, and uracil for growth (Arg-Hyx-Ura-) and seven of 107 other auxotypes belonged to subtypes A2 and A3. Marked geographical differences in distribution of gonococcal immunotypes were observed among those available for testing. Subtypes A2 and A3 were predominant in Seattle whereas types B and C were predominant in Southeast Asia. The only Arg-Hyx-Ura- isolates not belonging to subtypes A2 or A3 were the only two that were serum sensitive. This Micro-IF immunotyping appears potentially useful for future immunologic, epidemiologic, and genetic studies of N. gonorrhoeae.