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A Retrospective Comparative Study of Sex-Based Risk Variations in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Kristen Yeh1, Mariam Ansar2, Hera Jamal2
1Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, USA.
Journal of Primary Care & Community Health
|August 22, 2025
Summary
Heart failure (HF) risk factors differ between men and women. Women with HFpEF showed higher prevalence of older age, asthma, osteoarthritis, depression, hypothyroidism, and anxiety. Black race was associated with HFrEF in women.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Heart failure (HF) prevalence is rising in the US, projected to reach 8.5 million by 2030.
- The development and risk factors for HF differ between men and women.
- Understanding these sex-specific differences is crucial for targeted prevention and treatment strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine and compare the risk factors associated with heart failure in women versus men.
- To identify specific comorbidities and demographic factors linked to different types of HF (HFpEF and HFrEF) in women.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of adult patients' medical records with diagnosed HF.
- Comparison of variables between women and men diagnosed with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) and Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF).
Main Results:
- Women with HFpEF had higher prevalences of older age, asthma, osteoarthritis, depression, hypothyroidism, and anxiety compared to men.
- Factors associated with increased odds of HFpEF in women included older age, elevated BMI, rheumatological disorders, mental health disorders, asthma, and hypothyroidism.
- For HFrEF, women showed higher prevalences of asthma, depression, hypothyroidism, and anxiety; Black race was associated with higher odds of HFrEF in women.
Conclusions:
- In women, HFpEF is associated with older age, elevated BMI, and osteoarthritis.
- Black race is a significant risk factor for HFrEF in women.
- Asthma, depression, anxiety, and hypothyroidism are associated with both HFpEF and HFrEF in women, highlighting the need for integrated care.
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