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Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
Published on: January 7, 2019
Multimodal Key Anti-Oncolytic Therapeutics Are Effective In Cancer Treatment?
Luyi Ye1,2, Meng Gao3, Yue Chen3
1Department of Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Tiantai People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Tiantai Branch of Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 317200, People's Republic of China.
Abstract:
Oncolytic virus (OVs) therapy has emerged as a promising modality in cancer immunotherapy, attracting growing attention for its multifaceted mechanisms of tumor elimination. However, its efficacy as a monotherapy remains constrained by physiological barriers, limited delivery routes, and suboptimal immune activation. Phototherapy, an innovative and rapidly advancing cancer treatment technology, can mitigate these limitations when used in conjunction with OVs, enhancing viral delivery, amplifying tumor destruction, and boosting antitumor immune responses. This review provides the first comprehensive analysis of synergistic integration of OVs with both photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT). It also explores their applications in optical imaging-guided diagnosis and optogenetically controlled delivery. Furthermore, it discusses emerging strategies involving biomimetic virus or viroid-based vectors in conjunction with phototherapy, and delves into the immunomodulatory mechanisms of this combinatorial approach. While promising in preclinical models, these combined strategies are still largely in early-stage research. Challenges such as limited light penetration, delivery efficiency, and safety concerns remain to be addressed for clinical translation. Consequently, the integration of OV therapy and phototherapy represents a compelling strategy in cancer treatment, offering significant promise for advancing precision oncology and next-generation immunotherapies.
Insights
Oncolytic virus (OV) therapy combined with phototherapy offers a powerful strategy to enhance cancer treatment. This approach improves viral delivery, tumor destruction, and immune responses, paving the way for advanced precision oncology.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunotherapy
- Biomedical Engineering
Background:
- Oncolytic virus (OV) therapy is a promising cancer immunotherapy but faces limitations in efficacy.
- Phototherapy (photodynamic and photothermal) can overcome OV monotherapy constraints.
- Synergistic integration of OVs and phototherapy enhances tumor elimination and immune activation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To comprehensively review the synergistic integration of oncolytic viruses with photodynamic and photothermal therapies.
- To explore applications in imaging-guided diagnosis and optogenetically controlled delivery.
- To discuss novel biomimetic vectors and immunomodulatory mechanisms.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of preclinical studies on combined OV and phototherapy strategies.
- Analysis of mechanisms including enhanced viral delivery, tumor destruction, and immune response modulation.
- Exploration of advanced applications like optical imaging and optogenetics.
Main Results:
- Combined OV and phototherapy strategies show significant promise in preclinical cancer models.
- Integration enhances viral delivery, tumor cell killing, and antitumor immunity.
- Applications in imaging-guided diagnosis and optogenetic control are emerging.
Conclusions:
- The combination of OV therapy and phototherapy represents a compelling strategy for cancer treatment.
- This approach holds significant promise for advancing precision oncology and next-generation immunotherapies.
- Further research is needed to address challenges for clinical translation, including light penetration and safety.
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