WATER NEWS: a field approach for sustainable detection of pathogens in wastewater

Wastewater surveillance is a critical tool in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic, yet traditional centralized methods are unsustainable due to their high costs and complex implementation requirements. Here, we introduce Wastewater Analysis and Tracking for Epidemiological Recognition: Necessary Early Warning System (WATER NEWS)-a field clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-diagnostic approach designed for robust and cost-effective pathogen detection in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). WATER NEWS combined a one-pot assay, an optimized reporter probe, on-site nucleic acid extraction, an improved freeze-drying process and a user-friendly, low-cost, battery-operated device, thereby overcoming the limitations of field-deployable wastewater surveillance. In evaluations across 25 WWTPs in 10 Chinese cities, WATER NEWS achieved sensitivities exceeding 90% and specificities of 100% in SARS-CoV-2 detection from the influent and effluent samples of WWTPs. Notably, the system consistently detected SARS-CoV-2 presence within 20 days at a local WWTP. Economic analysis reveals that our approach achieved a 6.5-fold cost reduction compared with clinical testing and costs nearly half that of traditional wastewater surveillance methods, making it a viable and sustainable option for wastewater surveillance.