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Updated: Sep 10, 2025

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SPRING, an effective and reliable framework for image reconstruction in single-particle Coherent Diffraction Imaging.

Alessandro Colombo1, Mario Sauppe1, Andre Al Haddad2

  • 1Laboratory for Solid State Physics, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.

Npj Computational Materials
|August 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary

We developed SPRING, a new Coherent Diffraction Imaging analysis framework for X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) data. SPRING uses Memetic Phase Retrieval to overcome limitations of standard algorithms, offering stable and resilient single-particle imaging.

Keywords:
Imaging techniquesNanoparticlesStructural propertiesStructure of solids and liquids

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Area of Science:

  • * Physics and Crystallography
  • * Photon Science
  • * Materials Science

Background:

  • * Coherent Diffraction Imaging (CDI) reconstructs sample density from scattered light.
  • * Phase information is lost during measurement, requiring algorithmic retrieval.
  • * Conventional phase retrieval algorithms have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * Introduce SPRING, an analysis framework for X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) single-shot single-particle diffraction data.
  • * Implement the Memetic Phase Retrieval method to address shortcomings of existing algorithms.
  • * Provide a stable, resilient, and user-friendly tool for the CDI community.

Main Methods:

  • * Developed SPRING, a novel analysis framework.
  • * Integrated the Memetic Phase Retrieval algorithm.
  • * Benchmarked on experimental data from SwissFEL and European XFEL.

Main Results:

  • * SPRING demonstrated unprecedented stability and resilience to input parameter variations.
  • * The algorithm successfully identified solutions in challenging conditions.
  • * Achieved reliable single-particle imaging from XFEL diffraction data.

Conclusions:

  • * SPRING offers a robust solution for phase retrieval in CDI.
  • * The framework enhances the capability of analyzing XFEL single-particle data.
  • * SPRING is released as open-source software to benefit the CDI research community.