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Color Vision in Schoolchildren with Low Birth Weight and Those Born Full-Term with Appropriate Weight for Gestational

Paula Yuri Sacai1, Maria Cecília Saccomani Lapa1, Rosana Fiorini Puccini2

  • 1Departamento de Oftalmologia e Ciências Visuais, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Unifesp, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil.

Vision (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 22, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Children with low birth weight (LBW) generally have normal color vision. However, they show a larger interocular color score difference compared to appropriate for gestational age (AGA) children.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Pediatric Vision

Background:

  • Low birth weight (LBW) is a significant risk factor for various health issues in children.
  • Visual development and function can be affected by prematurity and low birth weight.
  • Color discrimination is an important aspect of visual function that requires evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare color discrimination abilities in schoolchildren born with low birth weight (LBW) versus those born full-term and appropriate for gestational age (AGA).
  • To investigate potential differences in color vision deficits between LBW and AGA children.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of LBW children (aged 5-11) and matched AGA controls were recruited from low-income region schools.
  • Participants underwent comprehensive eye examinations, including visual acuity, ocular motility, and Farnsworth D-15 color vision testing.
  • Statistical analyses, including logistic regression, were used to compare color vision metrics and identify associated factors.

Main Results:

  • Dyschromatopsia was observed in 10.3% of LBW children and 7.9% of AGA children, with tritan and non-specific defects being common.
  • While overall color scores were comparable, the interocular color score difference (ICD) was significantly larger in the LBW group (p=0.004).
  • Factors associated with color vision deficit included younger age and poorer visual acuity; strabismus and amblyopia were more frequent in the LBW group.

Conclusions:

  • Most LBW children exhibit normal color discrimination.
  • A larger interocular color score difference in LBW children suggests subtle visual pathway differences.
  • Further research may be warranted to understand the long-term implications of these findings.
Abstract

Keywords:
Farnsworth D-15color visiondyschromatopsialow birth weightschoolchildren

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