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Obstetric brachial plexus injury: risk factors and clinical follow-up results

Oğuz Arslan1, Burak Giray2, Niyazi Tuğ3

  • 1Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Türkiye.

Journal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association
|August 22, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Most infants with obstetric brachial plexus injury recover, with permanent damage linked to shoulder dystocia. Parental caregiving burden for neonatal brachial plexus injury is typically low.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics
  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pediatric Neurology

Background:

  • Obstetric brachial plexus injury (OBPI) is a significant cause of neonatal morbidity.
  • Understanding associated maternal and perinatal factors is crucial for prevention and management.
  • Clinical outcomes and parental impact require thorough investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate maternal and perinatal factors linked to obstetric brachial plexus injury.
  • To analyze clinical follow-up outcomes in affected infants.
  • To assess the parental caregiving burden associated with neonatal brachial plexus injury.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective descriptive study design.
  • Analysis of 28 infants with obstetric brachial plexus injury from 27,695 live births (Feb 2018-Dec 2023).
  • Inclusion of maternal demographics, delivery details, infant diagnoses, follow-up data, and parental-reported burden.

Main Results:

  • Eighty-nine percent of affected infants had Erb's palsy.
  • Eighty-six percent of infants recovered from injury within a mean 12-month follow-up.
  • Permanent injury was significantly associated with shoulder dystocia (p=0.007).
  • Most parents reported no to mild caregiving burden (78.6%).

Conclusions:

  • The majority of infants with obstetric brachial plexus injury experience recovery.
  • Shoulder dystocia is a key risk factor for permanent neonatal brachial plexus injury.
  • Parental caregiving burden associated with neonatal brachial plexus injury is generally manageable.
Abstract

Keywords:
Birth injurymacrosomianeonatalnewbornshoulder dystocia

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