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On comparing the reactivity of silver and lead, it is observed that the two ionic species, Ag+ (aq) and Pb2+ (aq), show a difference in their redox reactivity towards copper: the silver ion undergoes spontaneous reduction, while the lead ion does not. This relative redox activity can be easily quantified in electrochemical cells by a property called cell potential. This property is commonly known as cell voltage in electrochemistry, and it is a measure of the energy which accompanies the charge...
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Electrodeposition is a technique used to separate an analyte from interferents by electrochemical processes. Here, the analyte is a metal ion that can be deposited on an electrode immersed in the sample solution. The electrochemical setup consists of an anode and a cathode. When an electric current is applied to the setup, oxidation occurs at the anode. At the cathode, which consists of a large metal surface, metal ions undergo reduction and deposit onto the surface.
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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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EDTA titrations are usually carried out in highly basic conditions, where the fully deprotonated form of EDTA, Y4−, actively complexes with the free metal ions in the solution. Several metal ions precipitate as hydrous oxide (hydroxides, oxides, or oxyhydroxides) under these conditions, lowering the concentration of free metal ions in the solution. For this reason, auxiliary complexing agents or ligands such as ammonia, tartrate, citrate, or triethanolamine are used in EDTA titrations to...
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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Spontaneous Chemical Reactions
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Zinc-Sponge Battery Electrodes that Suppress Dendrites
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Bifunctional Electrolyte Additives Modified Zinc Anode and Cathode.

Yu-Hang Liu1, Yang Yu1, Yu Zhang1

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
|August 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel electrolyte additive mixture for aqueous zinc-ion batteries, enhancing anode stability and cathode durability. The bifunctional additives significantly improve battery performance and cycle life.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Aqueous zinc-ion batteries offer safety and sustainability but face anode and cathode degradation challenges.
  • Hydrogen evolution and corrosion limit zinc anode performance.
  • Cathode structural integrity is crucial for battery longevity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a novel electrolyte additive mixture for aqueous zinc-ion batteries.
  • To enhance the stability of zinc anodes and mitigate cathode hydrolysis.
  • To improve the overall performance and cycle life of zinc-ion batteries.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a mixed electrolyte comprising ZnSO4, Zn(OTf)2, and NH4Cl.
  • Incorporated bifunctional additives (Zn(OTf)2 and NH4Cl) to form a protective solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI).
  • Tested symmetric and full cell batteries with NH4V4O10 cathodes and zinc anodes.

Main Results:

  • The additive mixture facilitated the formation of a stable SEI layer containing ZnF2 and Zn3N2.
  • Hydrolysis of the NH4V4O10 cathode was effectively mitigated.
  • Symmetric batteries demonstrated long-term stability at low (900 h at 1 mA cm-2) and higher (570 h at 5 mA cm-2) current densities.
  • Full cells achieved 99.99% Coulombic efficiency over 2000 cycles at 1 A g-1.

Conclusions:

  • The bifunctional additive mixture significantly enhances the performance and stability of aqueous zinc-ion batteries.
  • This approach offers a promising pathway for the practical application of advanced zinc-ion battery technology.
  • The developed electrolyte system addresses key challenges in zinc-ion battery degradation.