Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Controlled-Potential Coulometry: Electrolytic Methods

Controlled-Potential Coulometry: Electrolytic Methods

Controlled-potential coulometry, also known as potentiostatic coulometry, employs a three-electrode system in which the working electrode's potential is precisely regulated using a potentiostat. Platinum working electrodes are utilized for positive potentials, while mercury pool electrodes are favored for extremely negative potentials. The platinum counter electrode is separated from the analyte using a membrane or salt bridge to avoid interference in the analysis.
The chosen potential ensures...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Whole-body 3D kinematics of freely behaving <i>Drosophila</i>.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

Rapidly evolving aphid gall effector proteins exhibit saposin-like folds.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

Evolutionary basis of male same-sex sexual behavior by multiple pheromone switches in Drosophila.

Current biology : CB·2026

Same author

Sexual dimorphism in the complete connectome of the <i>Drosophila</i> male central nervous system.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Same author

Evolutionary basis of intermale sexual behavior by multiple pheromone switches in <i>Drosophila</i>.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Same author

Chromosome scale genomes of two invasive Adelges species enable virtual screening for selective adelgicides.

G3 (Bethesda, Md.)·2025

Same journal

Adaptive Dynamics of Quantitative Traits in a Steadily Changing Environment.

Genetics·2026

Same journal

Functional Landscape of Zebrafish Gonadotropins and Receptors: A Comprehensive Genetic Analysis.

Genetics·2026

Same journal

Synergistic actions of Nup43 and Myosin VI drive actin cone assembly during Drosophila spermiogenesis.

Genetics·2026

Same journal

Identification of two Cryptococcus neoformans heme transporters involved in Fhb1-mediated nitrosative stress protection in a fission yeast model.

Genetics·2026

Same journal

Analysis of a hypomorphic mei-P26 mutation reveals coordination between developmental programming of germ cells and meiotic chromosome dynamics.

Genetics·2026

Same journal

Neural and Genetic Mechanisms Regulating Copulation Latency in Male Drosophila melanogaster.

Genetics·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Laser-scanning Photostimulation of Optogenetically Targeted Forebrain Circuits

Laser-scanning Photostimulation of Optogenetically Targeted Forebrain Circuits

Published on: December 27, 2013

An essential experimental control for functional connectivity mapping with optogenetics.

David Tadres^1,2, Hiroshi M Shiozaki³, Ibrahim Tastekin⁴

¹MCDB Department and Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93105, United States.

|August 22, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Leaky Chrimson expression in Drosophila can cause false positive signals in functional connectivity assays. A no-Gal4 negative control and specific procedures can help minimize these artifacts.

Keywords:

Drosophila connectivity mapping neural circuits neurogenetics optogenetics

More Related Videos

Optogenetic Functional MRI

Optogenetic Functional MRI

Published on: April 19, 2016

In Vivo Intracerebral Stereotaxic Injections for Optogenetic Stimulation of Long-Range Inputs in Mouse Brain Slices

In Vivo Intracerebral Stereotaxic Injections for Optogenetic Stimulation of Long-Range Inputs in Mouse Brain Slices

Published on: September 20, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Laser-scanning Photostimulation of Optogenetically Targeted Forebrain Circuits

Laser-scanning Photostimulation of Optogenetically Targeted Forebrain Circuits

Published on: December 27, 2013

Optogenetic Functional MRI

Optogenetic Functional MRI

Published on: April 19, 2016

In Vivo Intracerebral Stereotaxic Injections for Optogenetic Stimulation of Long-Range Inputs in Mouse Brain Slices

In Vivo Intracerebral Stereotaxic Injections for Optogenetic Stimulation of Long-Range Inputs in Mouse Brain Slices

Published on: September 20, 2019

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Genetics
Molecular Biology

Background:

Optogenetic tools like Chrimson are used to study neuronal connectivity.
Calcium-sensitive indicators such as GCaMP monitor neuronal activity.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate artifactual signals in functional connectivity experiments using Chrimson and GCaMP in Drosophila.
To identify methods to mitigate false-positive results caused by leaky Chrimson expression.

Main Methods:

Experiments were conducted in Drosophila melanogaster.
Leaky Chrimson expression was assessed by monitoring GCaMP signals.
A no-Gal4 negative control strategy was employed.
A procedure to minimize artifactual interpretations was developed.

Main Results:

Low levels of leaky Chrimson expression can induce strong artifactual GCaMP signals.
Withholding all-trans retinal does not control for leaky Chrimson expression.
Artifactual connectivity was observed with Chrimson transgenes at multiple genomic locations.
A no-Gal4 control improved the interpretability of functional connectivity assays.

Conclusions:

Leaky Chrimson expression is an inherent feature of current transgenes, complicating functional connectivity studies.
Implementing a no-Gal4 negative control is crucial for accurate interpretation.
A proposed procedure can help identify conditions that minimize false-positive signals.