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Can artificial intelligence write science? A comparative analysis of human-written and artificial
Karim Rizwan Nathani1,2, Ali-Muhammad Nathani3, Maliya Delawan1,2
11Neuro-Informatics Laboratory, Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester.
Journal of Neurosurgery. Spine
|August 22, 2025
Summary
Artificial intelligence (AI) writing excels in clarity but lacks technical accuracy and depth compared to human authors. Human oversight remains crucial for scientific integrity and critical analysis in academic publishing.
Area of Science:
- Medical Writing
- Artificial Intelligence in Research
Background:
- Large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT show promise for academic writing.
- Concerns exist regarding AI's quality, reliability, and interpretive abilities in scientific manuscripts.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the quality of human-written versus AI-generated scientific manuscripts.
- To evaluate AI's strengths and limitations in academic publishing.
Main Methods:
- Two simulated analysis manuscripts were created: one human-authored, one by ChatGPT-4o.
- Three blinded reviewers (two human, one AI) assessed manuscripts on clarity, accuracy, depth, and coherence.
- Reviewers scored manuscripts and identified authorship.
Main Results:
- AI manuscript scored higher in clarity (9.0 vs 7.2) but lower in technical accuracy (6.3 vs 9.3) and depth (5.5 vs 7.5).
- Reviewers noted AI's lack of critical analysis and contextual interpretation.
- Authorship was correctly identified; reviewers favored manuscripts aligned with their origin.
Conclusions:
- AI enhances clarity but struggles with critical reasoning and context.
- Human authorship and oversight are vital for scientific accuracy and analysis.
- AI can serve as a complementary tool, not a replacement, for human scientific writing.
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