Decoding the roles of CCL11 in human malignancies and clinical implications

C-C motif chemokine ligand 11 (CCL11), alternatively designated as eotaxin-1, is a low molecular weight chemokine that plays a crucial role in the mediation of allergic inflammation and immune regulation. This is achieved through the recruitment of eosinophils, T helper 2 (Th2) cells, and basophils via its primary receptor, CC chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3). Recent studies have identified elevated levels of CCL11 in the serum of cancer patients, suggesting its potential involvement in tumor biology. However, the precise regulatory functions and clinical applications of CCL11 in oncology remain insufficiently understood. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the molecular characteristics and physiological roles of CCL11, as well as its implications in tumor progression, diagnosis, and therapy. Additionally, we highlight key areas where research is lacking and suggest future directions that may advance the creation of innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.