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Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Assessment of Antibody-based Drugs Effects on Murine Bone Marrow and Peritoneal Macrophage Activation
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Intravenous immunoglobulin for chronic active antibody-mediated rejection: a signal of hope in an evolving field

Georg A Böhmig1, Klemens Budde2

  • 1Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Kidney International
|August 22, 2025
PubMed

Chronic active antibody-mediated rejection remains a leading cause of transplant failure, with no approved therapies and limited clinical guidance. The randomized, open-label VIPAR trial evaluated prolonged high-dose IVIG treatment, providing preliminary evidence of histologic and functional benefits. Despite a small sample size and inherent methodological limitations, the study offers meaningful insights to the limited evidence base and supports further systematic investigation of IVIG as a potential therapeutic option for antibody-mediated rejection.

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