Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

444
Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
444
Retrieval01:12

Retrieval

169
Retrieval is the process of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness. This ability is essential for daily tasks like brushing hair and teeth, driving to work, and performing job duties. Retrieval occurs in three ways: recall, recognition, and relearning.
Recall involves accessing information without cues, such as during an essay test, where individuals must retrieve facts and concepts from memory unaided. Another example is remembering the name of a colleague...
169
Interference and Decay01:16

Interference and Decay

201
Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
201
Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

571
The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
571
Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory01:22

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

295
Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of...
295
System of Memory01:23

System of Memory

6.5K
Memory is categorized into three major systems: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). These systems differ in their capacity and the duration for which they can hold information. Sensory memory captures raw sensory input from the environment, holding it for just a few seconds or less. For example, on hearing a brief, loud sound, like a car horn honking, the sound seems to linger in the mind for a moment even after it stops. This is an instance of sensory memory...
6.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Temporal and Spatial Scales of Human Resting-State Cortical Activity across the Lifespan.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2025
Same author

Expansion and compression of space within and beyond the boundaries of an object.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2022
Same author

Reward impacts visual statistical learning.

Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience·2021
Same author

Visual statistical learning is modulated by arbitrary and natural categories.

Psychonomic bulletin & review·2021
Same author

Object-based warping in three-dimensional environments.

Journal of vision·2020
Same author

Not-so-working Memory: Drift in Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Pattern Representations during Maintenance Predicts Errors in a Visual Working Memory Task.

Journal of cognitive neuroscience·2019
Same journal

Low prevalence targets are primarily missed due to mind wandering.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2026
Same journal

An introduction to the special issue celebrating Mary A. Peterson.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2026
Same journal

Properties of the threshold stimulus exposure duration (TSED) measure of visual search efficiency.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2026
Same journal

Auditory selective attention in depth: Investigating directional dependency across front, lateral, and rear spaces.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2026
Same journal

Dissociations between stereoacuity and visual acuity with binocular night vision goggles.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2026
Same journal

Reward-based prioritization and perceptual feature effects on attentional flexibility in working memory.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
07:01

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment

Published on: September 20, 2020

4.8K

Retrieval from long-term memory does not bypass working memory.

Michael K P Mugno1, Timothy J Vickery2

  • 1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA. mmugno@udel.edu.

Attention, Perception & Psychophysics
|August 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Retrieving information from long-term memory (LTM) does not bypass working memory (WM). This study found that LTM retrieval impairs WM performance and is itself impaired when WM is near capacity.

Keywords:
Long-term memoryLong-term memory retrievalVisual cognitionWorking memory

More Related Videos

An Appetitive Spatial Working Memory Task for Mice in a Semi-Automated 8-Arm Radial Maze, Reducing Fearful Memory Association in the Maze
14:24

An Appetitive Spatial Working Memory Task for Mice in a Semi-Automated 8-Arm Radial Maze, Reducing Fearful Memory Association in the Maze

Published on: July 29, 2025

556
Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)
09:05

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)

Published on: June 12, 2017

29.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
07:01

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment

Published on: September 20, 2020

4.8K
An Appetitive Spatial Working Memory Task for Mice in a Semi-Automated 8-Arm Radial Maze, Reducing Fearful Memory Association in the Maze
14:24

An Appetitive Spatial Working Memory Task for Mice in a Semi-Automated 8-Arm Radial Maze, Reducing Fearful Memory Association in the Maze

Published on: July 29, 2025

556
Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)
09:05

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)

Published on: June 12, 2017

29.9K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Information retrieval from long-term memory (LTM) is constrained by the capacity of working memory (WM).
  • Prior research suggested LTM retrieval might bypass WM, even at capacity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether LTM retrieval bypasses WM.
  • To examine the consequences of LTM retrieval on WM contents and retrieved information fidelity.

Main Methods:

  • Adapted a paradigm to include continuous reporting of WM contents and LTM retrieval.
  • Conducted experiments with varying WM loads (two, four, or no items) during LTM retrieval tasks.

Main Results:

  • WM report accuracy decreased when an LTM item was retrieved.
  • LTM report fidelity was lower when WM was at capacity (four items) compared to lower loads.
  • WM content fidelity was reduced during LTM retrieval across different WM loads.

Conclusions:

  • LTM retrieval does not bypass WM.
  • WM capacity limits interact with LTM retrieval processes.
  • Retrieved LTM information and maintained WM information compete for limited WM resources.