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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

660
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

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Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
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Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Establishment of a Co-culture System of Patient-Derived Colorectal Tumor Organoids and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs)
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Establishment of a Co-culture System of Patient-Derived Colorectal Tumor Organoids and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs)

Published on: June 27, 2025

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Colorectal Cancers and Immunotherapy.

Farzad Teymouri1, Gagandeep Brar2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Eisenhower Health, Rancho Mirage, CA, USA.

Cancer Treatment and Research
|August 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasingly affecting younger people. Immunotherapy shows promise, especially for patients with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) tumors, with ongoing research exploring broader applications.

Keywords:
Colorectal cancerImmunotherapyMicrosatellite instabilityPOLE/POLD1TMB-H

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 10, 2025

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Orthotopic Implantation of Patient-Derived Cancer Cells in Mice Recapitulates Advanced Colorectal Cancer
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence is rising globally, with a notable increase in younger demographics.
  • Tumor progression involves complex molecular pathways and immune evasion strategies, hindering effective treatment.
  • The immune system's role in cancer surveillance is critical, but tumors develop mechanisms to evade immune detection and destruction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of immunotherapy in colorectal cancer.
  • To highlight the efficacy of immunotherapy in specific genetic subsets of CRC.
  • To discuss emerging research directions for expanding immunotherapy's role in CRC treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical trials and research studies on CRC immunotherapy.
  • Analysis of molecular pathways and immune evasion mechanisms in CRC.
  • Examination of predictive biomarkers and patient stratification for immunotherapy response.

Main Results:

  • Immunotherapy has demonstrated significant clinical benefits for patients with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) colorectal cancer.
  • Approved agents like pembrolizumab and nivolumab have shown efficacy in these patient populations.
  • Research is exploring immunotherapy in earlier disease stages and in combination therapies, even in biomarker-negative patients.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding tumor-immune interactions is key to advancing personalized CRC treatment.
  • Immunotherapy represents a significant therapeutic advance for a subset of CRC patients.
  • Future research aims to broaden immunotherapy effectiveness and accessibility through novel targets and combination strategies.