Factors influencing the birth weight of ART-conceived offspring

Since the birth of the first infant conceived through assisted reproductive technology (ART) in 1978, over 10 million individuals worldwide have been born using these methods. ART has offered hope to many facing infertility. However, concerns remain regarding potential health risks in ART-conceived offspring. Current evidence suggests that these individuals are at increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes, such as low birth weight and small size for gestational age, compared to naturally conceived peers. These disparities may result from intrauterine growth restriction, often leading to rapid postnatal catch-up growth. This pattern may increase the risk of developing metabolic syndrome later in life. Birth weight is a key indicator of fetal growth and an important predictor of postnatal development. It carries significant prognostic value for long-term health. The causes of birth weight differences in ART offspring are complex. They may involve ART procedures, parental infertility, and intrauterine environmental factors. Understanding how these elements interact with early growth trajectories is crucial. This review explores the multidimensional factors influencing birth weight in ART-conceived offspring, knowledge that can guide personalized monitoring strategies and early intervention measures to prevent metabolic disorders. It also lays a critical foundation for establishing a theoretical framework for long-term health risk management in ART-conceived individuals.