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Investigating Interactions Between Histone Modifying Enzymes and Transcription Factors in vivo by Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer

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The complex REDUCED COMPLEXITY locus contributes to leaf shape diversification in Brassica rapa.

Pan Li^1,2,3,4, Hongjia Xin^1,2,3,4, Jing Li^1,2,3,4,5

¹State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China.

Journal of Experimental Botany

|August 23, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified BrRCO as a key gene regulating leaf shape in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa). Variations in its promoter region drive leaf differentiation, offering insights for crop improvement.

Keywords:

Brassica rapa RCO cis-regulatory variation QTL gene duplication leaf lobe

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Area of Science:

Plant genetics
Developmental biology
Agricultural science

Background:

Leaf shape is crucial for Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa) economic value and development.
The genetic mechanisms controlling leaf shape in Brassica remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the molecular basis of leaf shape determination in Chinese cabbage.
To identify the gene responsible for lobed leaf formation.

Main Methods:

Map-based cloning to identify the quantitative trait locus (QTL) qBrLLA10.
Sequence analysis of parental alleles and BrRCO gene.
Ectopic overexpression in Arabidopsis and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in B. rapa.
Synteny analysis across Brassica rapa accessions.

Main Results:

Identified BrRCO, an HD-Zip transcription factor, as the causal gene for lobed leaf formation.
Promoter region variations in BrRCO explain leaf shape differences between parent lines.
BrRCO positively regulates leaf lobe formation; its downregulation blocks lobe development.
Highly variable promoter regions and conserved coding regions of BrRCO suggest cis-regulatory evolution drives functional diversification.

Conclusions:

BrRCO is a positive regulator of leaf lobe formation in Brassica rapa.
Cis-regulatory modifications in BrRCO's promoter are responsible for functional variation and leaf shape diversity.
Findings provide insights for improving leaf shape in Chinese cabbage and other Brassica species.