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Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Zinc-Sponge Battery Electrodes that Suppress Dendrites
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Zwitterionic Binder-Engineered Interfaces Enable Anti-Pulverization and Long-Cycling Anode-Free Zn Batteries.

Xuedi Wang1, Li Li1, Xiaohu Qian1

  • 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|August 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new zwitterionic binder strategy significantly improves anode-free zinc batteries (AFZBs) by preventing zinc degradation and stabilizing interfaces, enabling long-lasting, high-performance energy storage.

Keywords:
anode‐free zinc batteriesbinder engineeringdendrite modulationelectrode‐electrolyte interphase stabilizationzwitterionic polymer binder

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Anode-free zinc batteries (AFZBs) promise high energy density but face challenges like zinc pulverization and dendritic growth, limiting cycle life.
  • Existing solutions often fail to provide comprehensive stabilization of the zinc anode during electrochemical cycling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel zwitterionic polymer binder (ZPB) strategy to suppress zinc pulverization and stabilize the electrode-electrolyte interface in AFZBs.
  • To establish a structure-functionality-performance correlation for zwitterionic binders in metal anode-free battery systems.

Main Methods:

  • Incorporation of a rationally designed zwitterionic polymer binder (ZPB) into the zinc anode.
  • Characterization of the mechanical robustness and ion flux distribution of the engineered zinc anode.
  • Evaluation of zinc plating/stripping Coulombic efficiencies (CEs) in asymmetric cells.
  • Testing of full anode-free zinc batteries (ZPB/C@Cu||NVO) for cycling stability and capacity retention.

Main Results:

  • The ZPB strategy endowed the zinc anode with enhanced mechanical robustness and homogeneous ion flux distribution.
  • Zwitterionic architecture effectively mitigated deposition-induced volume changes via viscoelastic stress dissipation.
  • Achieved impressive Zn plating/stripping Coulombic efficiencies (CEs) of 99.5% over 1800 cycles in asymmetric cells.
  • Demonstrated remarkable cycling stability in full batteries, retaining 86% capacity after over 1000 cycles at 2 A g-1.

Conclusions:

  • The zwitterionic binder strategy provides a scalable design for improving the performance and stability of anode-free zinc batteries.
  • This work establishes a clear correlation between zwitterionic molecular design and interfacial stabilization mechanisms for practical battery applications.