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Micro/Nanomotors Actively Penetrate Physiological Barriers: Basic Nanoarchitectonics to Practical Application.

Si Huang^1,2, Bowen Liu², Fei Peng³

¹Laboratory of Research of New Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|August 23, 2025

Summary

Micro/nanomotors (MNMs) offer enhanced drug delivery by actively penetrating physiological barriers, overcoming limitations of passive systems. These self-propelled motors promise improved targeted delivery and tissue interaction for better therapeutic outcomes.

Keywords:

active motion biomedical application enhanced penetration micro/nanomotors physiological barriers

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Nanotechnology
Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

Passive micro/nano drug delivery systems face challenges in penetrating physiological barriers.
Physiological barriers hinder effective drug distribution, impacting therapeutic efficiency.
Micro/nanomotors (MNMs) offer active propulsion to overcome these limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce micro/nanomotor (MNM)-based drug delivery systems.
To review advances in using MNMs for overcoming physiological barriers.
To summarize challenges and future directions for MNM drug delivery.

Main Methods:

Review of literature on micro/nanomotor technology for drug delivery.
Analysis of MNM propulsion mechanisms (chemical, physical fields).
Evaluation of MNM capabilities in enhancing barrier penetration and tissue interaction.

Main Results:

Self-propelled MNMs demonstrate superior ability to penetrate physiological barriers compared to passive systems.
Active motion of MNMs leads to enhanced tissue interaction and improved drug delivery efficiency.
MNMs show potential for targeted delivery across challenging biological barriers.

Conclusions:

Micro/nanomotors represent a promising strategy for advanced drug delivery.
Continued innovation in MNM technology is crucial for enhancing targeted delivery across physiological barriers.
MNMs offer a potential solution to improve drug efficacy in challenging physiological environments.