Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Cancer Therapies

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...

Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as SH2...

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...

The Tumor Microenvironment

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Estimating stage-specific lung cancer costs for economic evaluation of LDCT screening in Ireland: a patient-level microsimulation.

BMC health services research·2026

Same author

Selective non-operative management for abdominal trauma in the deployed military setting: a review of evidence and considerations for large-scale combat operations (LSCO).

BMJ military health·2026

Same author

Differential impact of proton pump inhibitors and antibiotics on immunotherapy efficacy after chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a post-hoc analysis of the PACIFIC trial.

The Lancet. Oncology·2026

Same author

Immunotherapy-related interstitial lung disease: a call to improve risk stratification and diagnostic consistency.

ERJ open research·2026

Same author

Impact of older donor age in kidney transplants in a biopsy-based observational study.

JCI insight·2026

Same author

Serial Plasma Comprehensive Genomic Profiling Captures Therapy Resistance and Guides Management of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Cancer research communications·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Polyfunctionality and Heterogeneity in Immune Responses

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Polyfunctionality and Heterogeneity in Immune Responses

Published on: March 8, 2024

Cytokine release syndrome in solid tumors.

David Synnott^1,2,3, David O'Reilly^1,3,4, Declan De Freitas^1,2,4

¹Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

|August 23, 2025

Summary

Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is a serious immunotherapy side effect. This review details CRS in solid tumors, focusing on unique challenges and management strategies for better patient outcomes.

Keywords:

adoptive chimeric antigen receptor therapy cytokine release syndrome drug‐related side effects and adverse reactions immune checkpoint inhibitors immunotherapy solid tumors

More Related Videos

Isolation and Expansion of Cytotoxic Cytokine-induced Killer T Cells for Cancer Treatment

Isolation and Expansion of Cytotoxic Cytokine-induced Killer T Cells for Cancer Treatment

Published on: January 24, 2020

Isolating Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and CD4+ T cells from Sézary Syndrome Patients for Transcriptomic Profiling

Isolating Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and CD4+ T cells from Sézary Syndrome Patients for Transcriptomic Profiling

Published on: October 14, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Polyfunctionality and Heterogeneity in Immune Responses

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Polyfunctionality and Heterogeneity in Immune Responses

Published on: March 8, 2024

Isolation and Expansion of Cytotoxic Cytokine-induced Killer T Cells for Cancer Treatment

Isolation and Expansion of Cytotoxic Cytokine-induced Killer T Cells for Cancer Treatment

Published on: January 24, 2020

Isolating Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and CD4+ T cells from Sézary Syndrome Patients for Transcriptomic Profiling

Isolating Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and CD4+ T cells from Sézary Syndrome Patients for Transcriptomic Profiling

Published on: October 14, 2021

Area of Science:

Oncology
Immunology
Pharmacology

Background:

Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is a frequent complication of cancer immunotherapies like CAR T-cell therapies and bispecific T-cell engagers.
Current management guidelines for CRS primarily address hematological malignancies, necessitating specific considerations for solid tumors.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management of CRS in the context of solid organ tumors.
To highlight the unique challenges and complexities of CRS in solid tumors, including the tumor microenvironment and potential toxicities.

Main Methods:

Literature review of existing research on CRS in solid tumors.
Analysis of pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and current therapeutic strategies.
Discussion of emerging treatments and future research directions.

Main Results:

Solid tumors present unique CRS challenges due to immunosuppressive microenvironments and potential on-target, off-tumor effects.
Early detection and grading are crucial for effective CRS management.
Management ranges from supportive care for mild cases to targeted therapies (e.g., tocilizumab, corticosteroids) and ICU support for severe cases.

Conclusions:

Personalized treatment approaches are needed to enhance immunotherapy safety and efficacy in solid tumor patients experiencing CRS.
Further research into risk stratification, novel therapies, and long-term outcomes is essential.
Understanding CRS in solid tumors will improve patient care and treatment strategies.