Entropy ornamented optimization influenced on electroosmotic blood subtleties drugged with graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles in a stenosed tapered artery

This study develops a mathematical model to assess the flow of blood with GO nanoparticles passing through the stenosed artery. Peripheral artery disease is characterized by artery constriction which may result in various complications including poor circulation and heart attacks. Combining the tangent-hyperbolic non-Newtonian fluid and the influence of the electroosmotic forces and entropy generation, the study seeks to investigate blood flow characteristics. To understand the effectiveness of graphene oxide nanoparticles for drug delivery and diagnostics, the improvement in its thermal and electrical conductivity is discussed. Numerical solutions are used to estimate the temperature, resistive impedance, boundary shear stress, and the shear stress at the stenosis throat. The present work also analyses how tapering, converging and diverging arterial geometries affect flow characteristics. The outcomes of the study help to further understand arterial constriction, electroosmosis, and the use of nanoparticles to enhance blood circulation for individuals with vascular diseases.