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Deleterious substances in aggregates can be detrimental to the quality and durability of concrete. These substances include organic impurities like loam, which interfere with cement hydration and are usually present in the sand. These prevent a good bond between aggregate and cement paste. Organic impurities can be detected using the colorimetric test, where the darkness of a solution after agitation indicates the level of organic content.
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Microorganisms play a pivotal role in maintaining ecosystem balance by recycling essential elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, as well as supporting processes like bioremediation, wastewater treatment, and biofuel production.Microbes in Elemental CyclesIn the carbon cycle, microorganisms decompose organic matter, releasing carbon dioxide via aerobic respiration. This carbon dioxide is subsequently used by photosynthetic organisms to synthesize organic compounds, closing the...
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Unsoundness in aggregates due to volume changes is primarily caused by the physical alterations aggregates undergo, such as freezing and thawing, thermal changes, and wetting and drying. Unsound aggregates, when subjected to these changes, result in volume change upon disintegration. This, in turn, contributes to the deterioration of concrete, including scaling, pop-outs, and cracking. Particular types of aggregates, such as porous flints, cherts, and those containing clay minerals, are...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Combined Size and Density Fractionation of Soils for Investigations of Organo-Mineral Interactions
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Organic materials input promotes the soil aggregate sequestration through changing soil aggregates structure and

Wenting Jiang1, Tingting Li2, Jifu Ma2

  • 1Research and Development Centre of Ecological and Sustainable Application of Microbial Industry of the Loess Plateau in Shaanxi Province, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Ecology of Loess Plateau, Shaanxi Province, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, Shaanxi, China.

Journal of Environmental Management
|August 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Waste mushroom bran significantly improves soil moisture, water use efficiency, and carbon sequestration in arid farmland. This organic amendment enhances soil aggregate stability and boosts aggregate-associated organic carbon stocks, promoting sustainable agriculture.

Keywords:
Aggregate-associated organic carbon stockOrganic materials inputSoil aggregate stabilitySoil erodibility K factorSoil water storage

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Soil Science
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Organic amendments are key to sustainable agriculture, improving soil structure and carbon sequestration.
  • Arid regions face challenges with soil moisture, nutrient retention, and carbon stability.
  • The specific impacts of different organic materials on these factors in arid northwest China are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of various organic amendments on soil hydrostructural dynamics, nutrient content, and carbon sequestration in arid farmland.
  • To identify the most effective organic material for enhancing soil health and agricultural sustainability.

Main Methods:

  • Field experiment with five treatments: control (CK), smashed leaves and branches (LB), smashed corn stalks (CS), green fertilizer (HV), and waste mushroom bran (MS).
  • Measurements included soil moisture content (SMC), soil water storage (SWS), water use efficiency (WUE), electrical conductivity, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and aggregate properties (MWD, GMD).
  • Analysis of soil organic carbon (SOC) content, soil erodibility (K factor), and statistical modeling (Random Forest, SEM) to determine key drivers of soil stability and carbon sequestration.

Main Results:

  • Waste mushroom bran (MS) significantly increased SWS (6.7-16.2%) and WUE (23.7%) compared to the control.
  • Organic amendments altered soil nutrient content and electrical conductivity.
  • MS treatment reduced soil erodibility (K factor) by 12.9% and increased aggregate-associated SOC stocks by 94.4% at 0-20 cm depth.
  • Soil organic carbon content showed a strong dependency on aggregate size, with larger aggregates (>2 mm) holding 39.68%-44.12% of SOC.

Conclusions:

  • Waste mushroom bran is a highly effective organic amendment for enhancing soil hydrostructural properties and carbon sequestration in arid agricultural soils.
  • Optimizing soil aggregate structure through organic amendments like mushroom bran is crucial for improving soil health and water use efficiency.
  • This study provides a scientific basis for utilizing organic materials to regulate soil health and promote sustainable agricultural practices in arid environments.