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Related Concept Videos

Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

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Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
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Related Experiment Video

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A Multimodal Imaging- and Stimulation-based Method of Evaluating Connectivity-related Brain Excitability in Patients with Epilepsy
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Evaluating the abnormal neural variability in schizophrenia: A TMS-EEG study.

Zikang Niu1, Lina Jia2, Lu Tian3

  • 1Aviation Psychology Research Office, Air Force Medical Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Beijing 100142, China; State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.

Schizophrenia Research
|August 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Schizophrenia (SZ) patients show altered neural variability during transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG) tests. These changes in trial-to-trial variability (TTV) correlate with cognitive deficits, offering new biomarkers for SZ.

Keywords:
TMS-EEGneural variabilityschizophreniatrial-by-trial variability

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Biomarkers

Background:

  • Schizophrenia (SZ) is a complex disorder with significant heterogeneity.
  • Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) combined with electroencephalography (EEG) is crucial for studying SZ neurophysiology.
  • Conventional TMS-EEG analysis often overlooks trial-to-trial neural variability (TTV), a key aspect of brain dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate trial-to-trial neural variability (TTV) in schizophrenia (SZ) using TMS-EEG.
  • To explore the relationship between TTV and cognitive performance in SZ patients.

Main Methods:

  • Collected TMS-EEG data and cognitive scores from 45 SZ patients and 45 healthy controls (HC).
  • Quantified TTV using the maximum eigenvalue from singular value decomposition of TMS-evoked trials.
  • Performed correlation analyses between TTV and cognitive scores.

Main Results:

  • TMS significantly reduced TTV in both SZ patients and HC.
  • SZ patients exhibited increased beta TTV and decreased theta TTV compared to HC.
  • Elevated beta TTV correlated with reasoning, problem-solving, working memory, and verbal learning.
  • Diminished theta TTV was associated with processing speed and social cognition.

Conclusions:

  • Altered TTV represents a novel electrophysiological signature in SZ.
  • Frequency-specific TTV abnormalities and their cognitive links suggest dysregulated neural dynamics in SZ.
  • Quantifiable TTV biomarkers could aid in clinical stratification and therapeutic development for SZ.