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Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Assessment of the Metabolic Effects of Isocaloric 2:1 Intermittent Fasting in Mice
Published on: November 27, 2019
Meta-analysis and meta-regression of intermittent fasting effects on glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes: Subgroup
Mila Desi Anasanti1, Nasir Hamzah2
1Department of Computer Science, University of Nusa Mandiri, Jakarta, Indonesia; Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Bart and London Genome Center, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
Aims:
To assess the effects of intermittent fasting (IF) on glycaemic control in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D), using meta-analysis and meta-regression.
Methods:
We systematically reviewed and analyzed studies evaluating IF regimens, including time-restricted eating, alternate-day fasting, and periodic fasting. Outcomes assessed were HbA1c and fasting glucose. Subgroup and interaction analyses explored effects of BMI, age, sex, adherence, and IF type.
Results:
Seventeen studies (n = 1169) were included. IF significantly improved glycaemic control (SMD: 0.84; 95 % CI: 0.45-1.22, p < 0.001). Subgroups with higher BMI and adherence showed greater improvements. Time-restricted eating yielded the largest effect sizes. No significant moderation by age, sex, or study duration was found.
Conclusion:
IF is effective for improving blood glucose in T2D, particularly with high adherence and in people with obesity. Standardizing IF protocols and improving adherence could enhance future interventions.
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