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Sex differences in DNA methylation in bats.

Jack G Rayner1, Samantha L Bock2, Andrew J Lonski3

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland, USA.

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|August 23, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sex differences in DNA methylation, a molecular aging marker, were identified in 14 bat species. These patterns, particularly on the X chromosome, correlate with sex hormone receptors and sexual selection, potentially explaining sex-biased longevity.

Keywords:
agingbatslifespanmethylationsex

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Comparative Genomics
  • Animal Aging

Background:

  • Sex-biased longevity is common in animals but poorly understood.
  • Cytosine methylation patterns change with age, serving as a molecular aging indicator.
  • Investigating methylation differences can reveal sex-specific aging patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine sex differences in cytosine methylation across 14 bat species.
  • To compare age-associated methylation variations between sexes.
  • To explore links between methylation patterns, sex hormones, and sexual selection.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed DNA methylation patterns in 14 bat species.
  • Compared sex-specific and age-dependent methylation variations.
  • Assessed proximity of methylation sites to sex hormone receptor binding sites.

Main Results:

  • Sex differences in methylation were prominent on the X chromosome, with females showing hypermethylation in promoter regions.
  • Methylation differences were non-randomly distributed near androgen and estrogen receptor binding sites.
  • The rate of age-associated methylation changes correlated with sexual selection intensity, especially in species with female-biased longevity.

Conclusions:

  • Methylation patterns differ significantly between sexes and change with age in bats.
  • These epigenetic differences may be influenced by sex hormones and sexual selection.
  • Further research is needed to determine if these molecular aging differences explain sex-biased longevity in bats.