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Related Concept Videos

Homologous Recombination02:31

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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I,...
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DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
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The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
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Meiosis I03:09

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Meiosis is the division of a diploid cell into haploid cells forming sperm and eggs in animals through differentiation. Meiosis I is the first stage of meiosis, where the genetic recombination of homologous chromosomes and the reduction of the ploidy level by half occurs.
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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Assessment of Global DNA Double-Strand End Resection using BrdU-DNA Labeling coupled with Cell Cycle Discrimination Imaging
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Insight into meiotic DNA end resection: Mechanisms and regulation.

Soonjoung Kim1, Hasan F Alnaser2, Scott Keeney3

  • 1Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.

DNA Repair
|August 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Meiosis uses DNA end resection to ensure accurate chromosome segregation and genetic diversity. This review details meiotic DNA double-strand break (DSB) resection mechanisms, nucleases, and regulation in yeast and mouse.

Keywords:
DNA double-strand break resectionExo1MeiosisMre11Nbs1Rad50Xrs2

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Meiosis produces gametes with reduced genomes, relying on homologous recombination for accurate chromosome segregation and genetic diversity.
  • Homologous recombination initiates with DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) that undergo DNA end resection to generate single-stranded DNA (ssDNA).
  • While DSB resection in mitosis is well-studied, meiotic resection mechanisms remain less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and elucidate the mechanism and regulation of DNA end resection during meiosis.
  • To compare and contrast meiotic resection with resection in mitotic cells.
  • To highlight conserved and divergent aspects of meiotic resection across species.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on meiotic DNA end resection.
  • Focus on research in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast) and mouse models.
  • Inclusion of studies from other species to assess evolutionary conservation.

Main Results:

  • Detailed discussion of nucleases responsible for meiotic DSB resection.
  • Exploration of resection-modulating factors, including DNA damage signaling and chromatin structure.
  • Identification of similarities and differences between meiotic and mitotic DSB resection.

Conclusions:

  • Meiotic DNA end resection is a critical, conserved process for germline genome integrity.
  • Understanding meiotic resection provides insights into genetic diversity and reproductive cell formation.
  • Further research in diverse species will clarify evolutionary patterns of this essential pathway.